Advertisement
Featured Article| Volume 19, ISSUE 3, 104536, March 2023

Treatment of Pediatric Upper Extremity Burns

Published:February 08, 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2022.104536

      Highlights

      • Pediatric upper extremity burns are a common occurrence.
      • Although both surgical and nonsurgical options are available, there is significant literature on the surgical management of these burns but less on nonsurgical management.
      • Our center manages nonoperative pediatric upper extremity burns using a multidisciplinary approach.
      • This topical outline reviews the management of pediatric upper extremity burns including appropriate staging, dressing management, surgical treatment, and therapy/orthosis considerations.
      • Additional information is provided outlining indications and techniques for operative management for severe burns and their sequelae.

      Abstract

      Pediatric upper extremity burns are common. There is significant literature outlining the treatment of surgical hand burns; however, the appropriate treatment of nonoperative burns is less well described. Options for treatment are plentiful, and choosing an ideal strategy requires consideration of numerous factors. At our center, pediatric upper extremity burns are managed using a multidisciplinary approach. This topical review outlines the management of pediatric upper extremity burns. We focus on the management of nonoperative burns, but additional information is provided outlining the indications for and techniques of operative management for more severe burns.

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to The Journal for Nurse Practitioners
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Toon M.H.
        • Maybauer D.M.
        • Arceneaux L.L.
        • et al.
        Children with burn injuries—assessment of trauma, neglect, violence and abuse.
        J Inj Violence Res. 2011; 3: 98-110
        • Krishnamoorthy V.
        • Ramaiah R.
        • Bhananker S.
        Pediatric burn injuries.
        Int J Crit Illness Inj Sci. 2012; 2: 128-134
        • Castana O.
        • Anagiotos G.
        • Rempelos G.
        • et al.
        Pain response and pain control in burn patients.
        Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2009; 22: 88-89
        • Sheridan R.L.
        Burn care for children.
        Pediatr Rev. 2018; 39: 273-286
        • Hettiaratchy S.
        • Papini R.
        Initial management of a major burn: II—assessment and resuscitation.
        BMJ. 2004; 329: 101-103
        • Murari A.
        • Singh K.N.
        Lund and Browder chart—modified versus original: a comparative study.
        Acute Crit Care. 2019; 34: 276-281
        • Block L.
        • King T.W.
        • Gosain A.
        Debridement techniques in pediatric trauma and burn-related wounds.
        Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2015; 4: 596-606
        • Nagel T.R.
        • Schunk J.E.
        Using the hand to estimate the surface area of a burn in children.
        Pediatr Emerg Care. 1997; 13: 254-255
        • Murray C.K.
        • Obremskey W.T.
        • Hsu J.R.
        • et al.
        Prevention of infections associated with combat-related extremity injuries.
        J Trauma. 2011; 71: S235-S257
        • Madhok B.M.
        • Vowden K.
        • Vowden P.
        New techniques for wound debridement.
        Int Wound J. 2013; 10: 247-251
      1. Silvadene. Package insert. Pfizer Inc, 2020
        • Miller A.C.
        • Rashid R.M.
        • Falzon L.
        • Elamin E.M.
        • Zehtabchi S.
        Silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of partial-thickness burns and venous stasis ulcers.
        J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012; 66: e159-e165
        • Pawlak U.
        • Davies P.
        Mepilex® Ag in the management of partial-thickness burns: a review of the clinical evidence.
        Wounds International, London, UK2022
      2. Mölnlycke Mepilex Ag product data sheet (Report PD-358735-10).
        • Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber Dressing with Silver
        Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2012 Apr; 1: 104-107https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2011.0286
      3. Epiburn. LifeHealthCare.
        • Birchenough S.A.
        • Gampper T.J.
        • Morgan R.F.
        Special considerations in the management of pediatric upper extremity and hand burns.
        J Craniofac Surg. 2008; 19: 933-941
        • Gresh M.
        Compartment syndrome in the pediatric patient.
        Pediatr Rev. 2017; 38: 560-565
        • Greyson M.A.
        • Wilkens S.C.
        • Sood R.F.
        • Winograd J.M.
        • Eberlin K.R.
        • Donelan M.B.
        Five essential principles for first web space reconstruction in the burned hand.
        Plast Reconstruct Surg. 2020; 146: 578e-587e
        • Anthonissen M.
        • Daly D.
        • Janssens T.
        • Van den Kerckhove E.
        The effects of conservative treatments on burn scars: a systematic review.
        Burns. 2016; 42: 508-518
        • Momeni M.
        • Hafezi F.
        • Rahbar H.
        • Karimi H.
        Effects of silicone gel on burn scars.
        Burns. 2009; 35: 70-74
        • Cho Y.S.
        • Jeon J.H.
        • Hong A.
        • et al.
        The effect of burn rehabilitation massage therapy on hypertrophic scar after burn: a randomized controlled trial.
        Burns. 2014; 40: 1513-1520

      Biography

      Carrie L. Roth Bettlach, MSN, FNP-C, is a nurse practitioner with the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, and can be contacted at [email protected]

      Biography

      Courtney Bergheger, OTR/L, is an occupational therapist at St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Department of Occupational Therapy, Saint Louis, MO.

      Biography

      Lauren Jacobson, MD, is a physician with the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO.

      Biography

      Mitchell A. Pet, MD, is a physician with the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO.