The Journal for Nurse Practitioners
Volume 6, Issue 3 , Pages 177-184 , March 2010

Accurate Use of Prostate-Specific Antigen in Determining Risk of Prostate Cancer

  • Michelle A. Angie

      Affiliations

    • Michelle Angie, MSN, NP-C, CURN, is an adult nurse practitioner at the Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute in Beachwood, OH.

References 

  1. Loeb S , Han M , Catalona WJ . Prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer screening . In:  Jones JS editors. Prostate biopsy: indications, techniques and complications . Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2008;p. 14–24
  2. Thompson IM , Pauler DK , Goodman PJ , et al.   Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level greater than or equal to 4.0 ng per milliliter . N Engl J Med . 2004;350(22):2239
  3. Thompson IM , Ankerst DP . Prostate-specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer . CMAJ JAMC . 2007;176(13):1853–1858
  4. Nielsen ME , Partin AW . The role of complexed prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer screening . In:  Jones JS editors. Prostate biopsy: indications, techniques, and complications . Totowa, NJ: Humana Press Inc; 2008;
  5. Rao AR , Motiwala HG , Karim OMA . The discovery of prostate-specific antigen . BJU Int . 2008;101(1):5–10
  6. Federal Food and Drug Administration  . FDA Approves Test for Prostate Cancer . Available at: http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/archives/M/1/fda0245.htm Accessed October 25, 2009
  7. Sandhu JS . Management of elevated prostate-specific antigen in men with nonbacterial chronic prostatitis . Curr Urol Rep . 2009;10:302–306
  8. Canto EI , Slawin KM . Newly recognized forms of prostate-specific antigen and emerging molecular markers . In:  Jones JS editors. Prostate biopsy: indications, techniques, and complications . Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2008;p. 40–56
  9. Richardson TD , Oesterling JE . Age-specific reference ranges for serum prostate-specific antigen . Urol Clin North Am . 1997;24(2):339–351
  10. Etzioni RD , Howlander N , Sahw PA , et al.   Long-term effects of finasteride on prostate specific antigen levels: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial . J Urol . 2005;174:877–881
  11. Potts J . Prospective identification of National Institutes of Health category IV prostatitis in men with elevated prostate specific antigen . J Urol . 2000;164(5):1550–1553
  12. Ulleryd P , Zackrisson B , Aus G , Bergdahl S , Hugosson J , Sandberg T . Prostatic involvement in men with febrile urinary tract infection as measured by serum prostate-specific antigen and transrectal ultrasonography . BJU Int . 1999;84(4):470–474
  13. Zackrisson B , Ulleryd P , Aus G , Lilja H , Sandberg T , Hugosson J . Evolution of free, complexed, and total serum prostate-specific antigen and their ratios during 1 year of follow-up of men with febrile urinary tract infection . Urology . 2003;62(6):287; 281
  14. Bañez LL , Hamilton RJ , Partin AW , et al.   Obesity-related plasma hemodilution and PSA concentration among men with prostate cancer . JAMA . 2007;298(19):2275–2280
  15. Werny DM , Thompson T , Saraiya M , et al.   Obesity is negatively associated with prostate-specific antigen in U.S. men, 2001-2004 . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev . 2007;16(1):70–76
  16. Rundle A , Neugut AI . Obesity and screening PSA levels among men undergoing an annual physical exam . Prostate . 2008;68:373–380
  17. Hutterer G , Perrotte P , Gallina A , et al.   Body mass index does not predict prostate-specific antigen or percent free prostate-specific antigen in men undergoing prostate cancer screening . Eur J Cancer . 2007;43(7):1180–1187
  18. Link RE , Shariate SF , Nguyen CV , et al.   Variation in prostate specific antigen results from 2 different assay platforms: clinical impact on 2,304 patients undergoing prostate cancer screening . Clin Urol . 2004;171(6, Part 1):2234–2238
  19. National Institutes of Health  , National Cancer Institute  . Prostate Cancer Screening . Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/screening/prostate/patient/ Accessed October 25, 2009.
  20. Center for Disease Control  . Prostate Cancer Screening; A Decision Guide . Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/Prostate/publications/decisionguide/ Accessed October 25, 2009.
  21. Presti JC , Kane CJ , Shinohara K , Carroll PR . Neoplasms of the Prostate Gland . In:  Tanagho EA ,  McAninch JW editor. Smith's general urology . 17th ed.. New York: McGraw Hill; 2008; (ch. 22).
  22. Loeb S , Schaeffer EM . Risk factors, prevention and early detection of prostate cancer . Prim Care . 2009;36(3):603–621
  23. Brawley OW , Ankerst DP , Thompson IM . Screening for prostate cancer . CA Cancer J Clin . 2009;59:264–273
  24. Klotz L , Drachenberg D , Fradet Y , et al.   Gleason grading controversies: what the chemoprevention trials have taught us . CUAJ . 2009;3(3 Suppl 2):S115–S120
  25. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force  . Screening for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement . Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf08/prostate/prostaters.htm Accessed October 25, 2009.
  26. Prostate-Specific Antigen Best Practice Statement: 2009 Update. American Urological Association . Available at: http://www.auanet.org/content/guidelines-and-quality-care/clinical-guidelines/main-reports/psa09.pdf 2009; Accessed October 25, 2009.
  27. American Cancer Society  . American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer . Available at: http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_2_3X_ACS_Cancer_Detection_Guidelines_36.asp?sitearea=PED Accessed October 25, 2009.
  28. Nguyen CT , Yu C , Moussa A , Kettan MW , Jones JS . Performance of prostate cancer prevention trial risk calculator in a contemporary cohort screened for prostate cancer and diagnosed by extended prostate biopsy . J Urol . 2010;183:529–533
  29. Catalona WJ , Partin AW , Slawin KM , et al.   Use of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to enhance differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostatic disease . JAMA . 1998;279:1542–1547
  30. Carter HB . The role of prostate specific antigen velocity in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer . In:  Jones JS editors. Prostate biopsy: indications, techniques, and complications . Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2008;p. 57–66

 This continuing education activity is designed to augment the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of nurses and nurse practitioners and thus increase the quality of their care.In compliance with national ethical guidelines, the author, reviewers, and editors report no relationships with business or industry that would pose a conflict of interest. The authors do not present any off-label or non-FDA-approved recommendations for treatment. There is no implied endorsement by NPA, MNA, or ANCC of any commercial products mentioned in the article.

PII: S1555-4155(10)00002-4

doi: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2009.11.012

The Journal for Nurse Practitioners
Volume 6, Issue 3 , Pages 177-184 , March 2010

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