The Journal for Nurse Practitioners
Volume 6, Issue 4 , Pages 287-295 , April 2010

Breastfeeding as a Pain Intervention When Immunizing Infants

  • Cheryl Tansky

      Affiliations

    • Cheryl Tansky, MSN, CRNP, CEN, FNP-BC, is an NP in the preadmissions/surgical procedure unit at Riddle Memorial Hospital in Media, PA;
    • ,
  • Claire E. Lindberg

      Affiliations

    • Claire E. Lindberg, PhD, RN, APN, is professor of nursing at the College of New Jersey and a family nurse practitioner in Ewing, NJ.

References 

  1. Center for Disease Control and Prevention  , Department of Health and Human Services  . 2009 Childhood and adolescent immunization schedule . Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/recs/child-schedule.htm Accessed February 5, 2009
  2. Puchalski M , Hummel P . The reality of neonatal pain . Adv Neonatal Care . 2002;2:233–247
  3. Carbajal R , Veerapen S , Couderc S , Jugie M , Ville Y . Analgesic effect of breastfeeding in term neonates: randomized controlled trial . Br Med J . 2003;326:13–15
  4. Henry PR , Haubold K , Dobrzykowski TM . Pain in the healthy full-term neonate: efficacy and safety of interventions . Newborn Infant Nurs Rev . 2004;4:106–113
  5. Lander JA , Weltman BJ . Topical anaesthetics (EMLA and AMETOP creams) for reduction of pain during needle insertion in children (Protocol) . Cochrane Database Syst Rev . 2002;(4): Art No: CD004236
  6. Sparks L . Taking the “ouch” out of injections for children . MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs . 2001;2:672–678
  7. Coleman MM , Solarin K , Smith C . Assessment and management of pain and distress in the neonate . Adv Neonatal Care . 2002;2:123–139
  8. Mitchell A , Boss BJ . Adverse effects of pain on the nervous systems on newborns and young children: a review of the literature . J Neurosci Nurs . 2002;34:228–236
  9. Efe E , Ozer ZC . The use of breast-feeding for pain relief during neonatal immunization injections . Appl Nurs Res . 2007;20:10–16
  10. Dilli D , Kucuk IG , Dallar Y . Interventions to reduce pain during vaccination in infancy . J Pediatr . 2009;154:385–390
  11. Gray L , Miller LW , Philipp BL , Blass EM . Breastfeeding is analgesic in healthy newborns . Pediatrics . 2002;109:590–593
  12. Phillips RM , Chantry CJ , Gallagher MP . Analgesic effects of breast-feeding or pacifier use with maternal holding in term infants . Ambul Pediatr . 2005;5:359–364
  13. Siegele D . The gate control theory . Am J Nurs . 1974;74:498–502
  14. Melzack R , Wall PD . Pain mechanisms: a new theory . Science . 1965;150:971–979
  15. Taddio A , Katz J , Ilersich AL , Koren G . Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination . Lancet . 1997;349:599–603
  16. Bilgen H , Ozek E , Cebeci D , Ors R . Comparison of sucrose, expressed breast milk, and breast-feeding on the neonatal response to heel prick . J Pain . 2001;2:301–305
  17. Stevens B , Johnston CC . Pain in the infant: theoretical and conceptual issues . Matern Child Nurs J . 1993;21:3–14

 In compliance with national ethical guidelines, the authors report no relationships with business or industry that would pose a conflict of interest.

PII: S1555-4155(09)00578-9

doi: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2009.09.014

The Journal for Nurse Practitioners
Volume 6, Issue 4 , Pages 287-295 , April 2010

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