Management of Cardiometabolic Syndrome in the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a clustering of interrelated risk factors that promote the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These interrelated risk factors have a direct effect on atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and elevated plasma glucose, and promote proinflammatory and prothrombic states. Mechanisms of the major underlying forces of CMS—abdominal obesity and insulin resistance—are discussed and include review of obesity-induced inflammation with the development of abdominal obesity. Two clinical case studies are presented for primary and secondary cardiovascular disease patients with discussion of clinical management based on guideline recommendations.